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UNITED "STATES PATENT GEEK),

oHARLEs' A. MOSHER, OF sHARON, VERMONT, AND GEORGE A. MOsHER,

- ()F TROY, NEW YORK.

DAIRY-BUREAU.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 227,567, dated May 11,1880.

' Application filed December 27, 1879.

To all whom it may concern Bcit known that we, CHARLES A.-MOSHER, of thetown of Sharon, county of Windsor, and State of Vermont, and'GEORGE A.MOSHER, of the city of Troy, county of Rensselaer, and State of NewYork, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Dairy-Bureaus; andwedo .hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawingsthrough letters of reference marked thereon, forming part of thisspecification, in which Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a front elevation.Fig. 2, Sheet 1, represents a rear elevation in perspective. Fig. 3,Sheet 2, represents a longitudinal section at as 00, Fig. 5. Fig. 4,Sheet 2, represents a vertical cross-section at y y, Fig. 3. Fig. 5,Sheet 2, represents a vertical cross-section at z z, Fig. 3. Fig. 6,Sheet 2, represents a pan-frame in isometrical .perspective. Fig. 7,Sheet 2, represents a pansupport in isometrical perspective. The sameletters indicate like parts in all the figures. V

The object of our invention is to establish and maintain purity of airand uniformity of temperature, such as is suitable for dairy pur-'poses, in an inclosure or bureau having mova bl'e pans which can bemoved out and in, and 0 so arranged one above another as to break jointsand form a continuous air space or flue passing by one end of andimmediately over each pan, the spaces. between the pans being connectedby the end passages, one end of L 3 5 each space with the space belowand they opposite end with the space above, there being openings in theinclosure or bureau for theingress and egress of cold or warm air (ascompared with the external air) to and from the 40 air space or flue,formed as aforesaid, by connecting such inclosure or bureau with arefrigerating-chamber in the warm seasons of the year andwith aheating-chamber in the cold seasons, in such a manner as to produce 5under, around one end, and over the individual pans so inclosed either arelatively warm or a relatively cold air-current, as may be desired. iIn Fig. 3, Sheet 2, which is a longitudinal 0 section taken atthe'dotted lines a: w in Fig. 5, Sheet 2, A are the pans, so arranged asto form an air-flue in the direction indicated by the arrows, commencingat the opening I in the inclosure or bureau K and terminatingat theopening J in bureau K.

I L is arefrigerating-chamber, which permits the cold and heavier air tofall down the coldair flue 0 through the compartment N and openingorflue I in the direction of the arrows into L again, thus forming acontinuous current of the inclosed air, the strength of which willdepend upon the dit'terence in temperature of the inclosed air at the,points J and upper O.

The inclosed air is cooled and purified at every revolution, andmaintained during the hot season in a-cooler and purer condition than.the external atmosphere, with less consumption of ice than would berequired if air were admitted from the outside.

During the cold season a warm-air current can be maintained in the samedirection by placing some heated substance, as stone oriron, or someheating substance, as a lighted lamp, in the heating-chamber N.

WVhen the external atmosphere is not extremely cold the cover of L maybe left wholly or partly open for the admission of the outside air, or Land M may be removed altogether. The fine 0 may be closed and externalair admitted at or near the bottom of N, and allowed to escape at J.

When neither heat nor cold artificially pro-' duced is required thecompartment N may also be removed, the openings at I and J be- 85 ingprotected by screens or closed, thus affording greateconomy of spacewhen neither the refrigerating nor heating chambers, are required.

The pans A, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 3, Sheet 2, are deeperat one end, which produces an ascending inclined plane to facilitate theprogress of the air-current, and a descending inclined plane on theinside of the pan to facilitate emptying the same at the outlet B, 9 5from whence the contents may be conveyed in pipes to any desiredreceptacle placed on a lower plane. Milk will remain sweet in thisapparatus during the hottest weather until the cream is in a conditionfit to be skimmed from the surface. The powerful current establishedbetween the pans when the 'refrigeratin g-chamher is attached makes itpossible to have them very near together, which is a great economy ofspace in the use and of material in the manufacture of the apparatus.

The refrigerating-chamber L or the heatingchamber N may be removed to adistance or to another room or building by lengthening the cold and warmair flues connecting them with the inclosure or bureau K, as described.The strength of the cold-air current will be increased by raising therefrigerating-chamber to a higher plane. The refrigerating-chamber L andthe heating-chamber N are each provided with doors for the admission ofthe refrigerating or heating substances.

Another object of our invention is to preserve in the same apparatus ormachine, and with the same cold or heat producing agency, heterogeneoussubstances which would taint and injure one another if the same currentof air should be brought in contact with each. This is accomplished bythe position and use of the chamber M, the contents of which areentirely out 01f from the air-current which passes through the inclosureor bureau K, but at the same time passes around the chamber M, so as tomaintain its contents at about the same degree of temperature. M isprovided with a door in front, and may have a metallic lining and beventilated into the outside air.

Another object of our invention is to conveniently move out and inmovable pans arranged one above another, with a space between, in aninclosure or bureau, K, by means of a crank attached to a shaft withpinions which actuate plate-gears attached to the pans or frames onwhich they are supported. A part of one of the frames in which the pansrest is shown in perspective in Fig. 6, Sheet 2. Portions of the framesare also shown in Figs. 3 and 5, Sheet 2.

Q is the front of the frame, and P the back. D are the end pieces of theframe, to the top of which are attached the plate-gears r].

a are cross-pieces, on which one end of the pans A rest, and the spacesbetween a and D form part of the air-flue previously described. Thesespaces between a and D occur in the opposite ends of each succeedingframe, whether above or below, as the same are arranged in the bureau K.

F is the shaft extending along the spaces between the pans, withhearings in two sides or ends of the bureau K, having pinions O firmlyattached thereto at points to fit into and actuate the plate-gearsattached to the end pieces, D, which are moved back and forth. The crankG, with a handle, can be applied to either of the shafts F, there beingone shaft to each pan.

By revolving the shaft F in one direction the pans are moved out oftheir inclosure, and when revolved in the opposite direction the pansaxe moved in again, afl'ording an easy steady motion without a tooviolent agitation of the contents of the pans.

Instead of the pinions O and plate-gears attached to frame D, ropes maybe wound with one or two turns around the shaft F at the points wherethe pinions O are shown in the drawings, and each end of the ropes drawntaut and fastened to the opposite side of the pan or frame whichsupports it.

Another objectof our invention is to close the openings in the front ofan inclosure or bureau, K, provided with pans arranged one aboveanother, through which the pans are moved in and out by the front sideof the panframe Q when the pan is entirely' inclosed, and by the rearside, P, of the pairframe when the pan is drawn wholly without thebureau K, thus securing the contents of the bureau K intact and whollycut off from external objects, whether the pans are out or in theinclosure K. This is evident from the fact that the sliding frame shownin Fig. 6, Sheet 2, and which supports a pan, moves out and in with itspan, as already shown.

Another object of our invention is to maintain the pans contained andarranged in an inclosure or bureau one above another, and adapted to bemoved out and in the inclosure in the same position relatively to ahorizontal plane when moved out or partly out of their inclosure as theyoccupied when wholly within the inclosure. This part of our invention isrepresented in Figs. 7, 5, and 3, Sheet 2 of the drawings.

Fig. 7 is an inside perspective view, wherein s is a channeled slidingstrip or slat, on which rests the pan or pan-frame D, itself restingupon the stationary cleat E, and provided with a dog, 0, which fits intothe notch a of the frame D, and is forced and held therein by the innertop surface of the cleat E, on which the lower part of the dog 0 restsand slides whenever s is in motion, or into m, where it is held by D.

The-dotted lines show the position of the parts when the pan is extendedwholly without the bureau. As the pan moves inward, the frame D advancesto the right, but the sliding slat s is held immovable by the dog '0,the lower projection of which rests in. notch m of stationary cleat E,and is held therein by the frame D, which rests and-slides along uponits upper projection until the notch n in D is directly over it, whenthe incoming front Q, of the pan-frame strikes 8 and forces it inward,thereby lifting the dog from 121. into n, where it is held by E, as sand D then slide along together upon E wholly within the inclosure.

We now reverse the motion of the pan .and send the frame D outward, tothe left in the figure. The dog 0, being. held in notch a by E, carries8 along with D until the dog is over notch an, when the stop 1), Fig. 5,comes in contact with the stationary cleat t, which acts as a trip andstops is just as the pan is halfway out the inclosure, or at any otherdesired point, depending upon the positions of the stop 1) and strip tthen, as D continues to advance it forces the dog down into notch m andholds it there until it returns, as above explained, when the operationmay be repeated at will.

rear wall of the inclosure.

gases resulting from combustion.

The stationary cleat t projects out-partlyover' s and holds its innerend down in position upon E when the pan is moved without .theinclosure'K, the top surface of sbeing wider than the bottom surface ofD.

It will be seen, therefore, that as the pan moves forward and outwardwith the frame D.

it takes with it the strip 8 until the middlethe stop 1), as abovedescribed, and it is prevented from tipping by the projecting cleat it.

But the pan and frame D continue their forward and outward motion untilthe middle of D rests upon the forward or outer end of s so that iffurther advanced the center of gravity would be outside their support 8,and .incline 1 the pan and frame to tip from the slat s, at

which point the pan is whollywithout the inclosure, and is preventedfromany possibility of tipping or falling by the shaft F and pinion Oresting upon the projection T of frame D and holding it in position upon.9, from which it also appears that motion is not continued in any ofthe parts after the centerof gravity is so changed as to incline thoseparts to tip and bind, thereby affording an easy and steady motion ofthe pans back and forthout and in the inclosure without the use oftemporary props or supports.

The projection T of the end frames, D, when the pans are inclosed, passinto recessesin the These projections (shown in Fig. 6, Sheet 2) notonly permit the pans to be moved out by pinions 0, so as to whollyproject from the inclosure, but, in connection with the mechanism lastabove described, serve to maintain the pans in the de sired uprightposition when so projected.

One of the principal objects of our invention being to establish auniform temperature suitable for dairy purposes within a pan-inclosure,K, throughout the year, we are better able-to accomplish it in coldseasons by inclosing some burning instead of merely heated substance inthe inclosure N. We are able to maintain combustion in N without dangerfrom fire or injury to contents of K from escaping fumes or gases byemploying a metallic or any airdotted lines in Fig. 3, Sheet 2, assituated in N, and provided with an opening at or near the bottom forthe admission of the burning substance and of the air necessary tosupport combustion,) and an outlet at or near the top, connected by aflue, k, with the outside atmosphere, which affords a means of 'escapefor the None of these gases are allowed to escape into inclosure K butthe heat radiated from the outer surfaces of case j and fine will forman aircurrent within inclosure K in the direction of the arrows, asalready explained. The openingnear the bottom of j may be protected bywire screen, through which air will butfiames of fire will not pass. Ifthe burning substance used is oil from a lamp placed incase j,the amountof combustion and resulting heat can be easily regulated to maintain agiven temperature throughout the night. The flue k may pass within andalong the air-flue of inclosure K as far as desired, or-need notenterinclosure K'at all.

Another object of our invention is a convenient method of ventilating aninclosure, K, COUtEtlDlllgPfillS one above another with airspacesbetween, and is fully shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1. This figure shows therear part of inclosure K. X are lateral openings in the inclosure K.There maybe one opposite each space between the inclosed pans. V is aframe provided with slats W, which coveror uncover the openings X as theframe is raised or lowered, which is done by crank-shaft Y, which isprovided with handle Z and connecting-rod b. The crank-shaft and handleare so arranged that the weight of the frame and slats will press thehandle down upon'the top of the bureau K and hold them in a positioneither to open or to close the openings X, as may be desired.

Although we have described our invention asadapted to dairy purposes, itmaybe emspace between, and they-may be glazed insuch parts as may bedesired.

The inside surfaces of the top and bottom of the bureau K are inclined,as shown in the drawings, to facilitate theprogress of the aircurrents.

There may be buttons on the back side of the pans or pan-frames inbureau K, n-ojecting above the pans, to prevent moving them out too far.There may-be tixed partitions between the. pans. The outer surfaces of.the pans may be covered or protected by any poor heatconductingsubstance. There may be two or more pans in inclosure K.

Two or more inclosures, K, may be used-at the same time, in connectionwith one refriger- IQO IIO

ating-chamber, L, and one heating-chamber,

falling through warmer strata of air, or warm air rising through colderstrata, will naturally seek the most direct route. In the insulatedmilk-bureau above mentioned the external air is forced within theinclosure, where it is cooled or heated and falls or rites past the endsand sides of the intermediate pans, leaving a comparatively dead-airspace between the pans and in immediate contact with their contents. Thecooling-reservoir being in the same inclosure and directly over thepans, the moisture arising from their contents is condensed on itsbottom and sides until either a drip is form ed orthe moisture isabsorbed again by the inclosed air, or both, while our device is soarranged that the pans form a continuous airflue, which arbitrarilycompels the air-currents, whether warm or cold, to pass under, aroundone end, and over the top snrfaceof the pansin immediate contact withthe contents of each; and it must be borne in mind that in our devicethe cold-air current enters the inclosure at or near the bottom, thesame as the warm-air current, and in passing under, around one end, andover thepans is continually ascending, and consequently traveling in thedirection along the air-flue which is naturally taken by the gases,moisture, and impurities arising from the contents of the pans, whichlatter assist instead of retarding the cold-air current, and are carriedwith it wholly without the pan-inclosure to the refrigerating-chamber,where the heat is absorbed in melting the ice, the moisture condensed byloss of heat, and the impurities deposited with the moisture on thesurface of the ice, and left to run off in the drip of the melted ice,thus establishing a current of pure refrigerated air, which is broughtin immediate contact with the contents of each pan.

\Vhat we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. In an inclosure for regulating the temperature of substances, aseries of draw-pans arranged one above another and making closeconnection at the side walls, and constructed to break joints at the endwalls of the inclos are to form a continuous air-flue under, around oneend of, and over each pan, and, in combination, an egressopening, J,refrigeratingchamber L, flue 0, and ingress-opening 1, as shown anddescribed, and for the purposes set forth.

2. In an inclosure for regulating the temperature of substances, and incombination, a series of draw-pans, arranged one above an other andmaking close connections at the side walls, and constructed to breakjoints at the ends to form a continuous flue-passagc under, around oneend of, and over each pan, the ingress-opening I, heatii'ig-chamber N,and egress-opening J, as shown and described.

3. The combination and arrangement of a draw-pan inclosure, K,ice-chamber L, and cold-air flue O N, so as to form beneath andadjoining the ice-box and surround on four sides therefrigerating-chamber M, (provided with a door opening exteriorly,) thecontents of which chamber are cut off from atmospheric connection withany of the compartments or inelosures surrounding it, as described, andfor the purposes set forth.

I. In an inclosure forregulating the temperature of milk for dairypurposes, and in combination, a movable pan, A, pan-carrying frame I) PQ, provided at the ends D with plate-gears d, attached to the uppersurfaces thereof, and the superimposed engaging-pinions 0 within theinclosure and connected by a crank-shaft, I for the purpose of movingthe pans out and in the inclosure with a steady uniform motion, andpreventing them from tipping or falling when moved without theinclosure, the pan-frames being supported by suitable cleats and not bythe plate-gears, as shown and described.

5. In an inclosure for regulating the temperature of milk for dairypurposes, and in combination, two or more draw-pans, A, correspondingapertures in one of the vertical walls of the inclosure, for the passageout and in of the pans, pan-carrying frames D, pro vided with front andrear sides or doors, Q, and 1, adapted to close said apertures,plategears 11, and engaging-pinions 0, connected by a crank-shaft, F,and refrigerating-chamber L with flue 0, for the purposes of moving thepans out of the inclosure, and at the same time preventing the escapefrom the inclosure, while one or more of the pans are out, of thecold-air currents coming from the refrigerating-chamber when socombined,as shown and described.

6. In an inclosure, K, for regulating the tem perature of milk for dairypurposes, a pan, A, adapted to be moved out and in the inclosure upon acarrying-frame, provided at its ends D with plate-gears d, andengaging-pinions 0, connected by a crank-shaft, F, in co1nbination withsliding strips .9, which support the frame and plate-gears, for thepurpose of easily and steadily moving the pan wholly out and in theinclosnre, and at the same time maintaining the pan in a horizontalposition when out of the inclosure, as shown and described.

7. In a draw-pan inclosure or bureau, K, for regulating the temperatureof substances, a pan, A, provided with a carrying-frame having endpieces, D, with notches n in their lower sides, in combination withsliding strips .9, provided with dogs 0, adapted to fit into saidnotches n, for the purpose of compelling the strips 8 to accompany thepan during the first part of its movement outward,when moved out of theinclosure, as described and set forth.

8. In an inclosure or bureau, K, the dogs 0, attached to sliding strips8, in combination with notches n in movable frames D, and with notches min stationary cleats E, the dogs tittin g and enteriu g said notchesalternately, as described, and for the purposes set forth.

9. In an inclosure for regulating the temperature of substances, and incombination, a pan, A, provided with a carrying-frame hav- IIO ingnotched end pieces. D, with plate-gears d, with an air space between,and the pans engaging-pinions C, and crank-shaft F, staadapted to bemoved out and in the inclosure, tionary notched supports E, slidingstrips 8, as described, and for the purposes set forth.

provided with dogs 0, and stops p, tripped by CHAS. A. MOSHER.

stationary cleats t, as described, and for the GEO. -A. MOSHER.

purposes set forth. Witnesses to signature of Chas. A. Mosher:

10. A sliding frame, V, provided with slats A. B. MOSHER,

W, crank-shaft Y, and connecting-rod b, in M. M. BARROWS,

combination with ventilating-openings X in Witnesses to signature ofGeo. A. Mosher:

the side or sides of an inclosure, K, contain- GEO. R. DONNAN,

ing pans A, arranged one above the other, ALBERT SMITH.

